Quick Reviews of a Few Political Books

For the record, I would describe my own political viewpoint as “progressive”, though I do have a libertarian streak in me. Also, I abhor both the Democrat and Republican parties, though the so-called “religious right” faction makes me dislike the Republican Party slightly more than the Democrat Party.

Liberty and Tyranny: A Conservative Manifesto by Mark Levin

I had gathered the impression from the ever-reliable interwebs that the author, Mark Levin, is the much-desired reasonable and intellectual conservative (as opposed to Cerberus’ offspring, Ann Coulter and Rush Limbaugh). Unfortunately, that impression was totally wrong. While Levin indeed does come across as sounding much more intelligent than the likes of Coulter and Limbaugh, this book is ultimately just full of the same useless tripe. The entire book is soaked in the “us vs. them” mentality, which Levin defines as the “Conservatives” versus the “Statists”. The latter term is Levin’s term for the “Modern Liberal”, though he doesn’t really think liberals are classically liberal, but in actuality are proponents of a form of tyranny (Spoiler Alert: Conservatives are good and Statists are bad).

If you desire a fair and reasonable argument for the conservative position, then this book is definitely not it. Levin just provides an overly simplistic and dualistic ideological conflict between the heroic Conservative and his silly caricature of the Liberal (oh sorry, the “Statist”). While I understand this book is a “conservative manifesto”, and thus is going to argue for a conservative ideology, it would be nice if it did at least attempted to do so in a fair and balanced manner. For instance, why a complete misportrayal of what the scientific community says regarding global warming? Why no mention of deregulation of the financial industry when discussing the causes of the 2008 burst of the housing bubble? Why portray unregulated laissez-faire market exchange as a wonderful idea without a discussion on failings with the free-market? The author does his best to keep his readers at an epistemic distance from facts and arguments leveled against the conservative views (the chapter on the environment was beyond atrocious).

Demonizing the opposition is this book in a nutshell. It’s mantra is that anyone who is not entirely for us, is against us and a proponent of tyranny. I could only recommend this book to anyone wanting an exemplar of a political propaganda machine in full force which replaces thoughtfulness with invective.

What You Should Know About Politics…But Don’t: A Nonpartisan Guide to the Issues by Jessamyn Conrad

I wish I had of read this when I first came to America in 2008! It would have saved a lot of time and trouble trying to cut through all the partisan BS one finds in most political writings. This is not to say that this book is the epitome of objective non-partisan political commentary (because I don’t think it is), but the author does a decent job at providing a balanced overview of a multitude of issues in contemporary US politics: foreign policy, civil liberties, the economy, the military, health care, energy, etc. I do think, however, that there is maybe a left-leaning bias that shines through in some places, though for the most part it is just the author framing the debate on an issue without offering her own judgment on it. One section in this book actually had me laughing out loud:

In the 1980s deficit hawks were usually Republicans, but now most are Democrats. That may really have to do with who is in power at any given time: it’s in the majority party’s interest to spend money, and it’s in the minority’s to criticize them for it.

Note how the author says that “now” (at the time of writing), most deficit hawks are Democrats. That makes sense once you realize the book was written in 2008 (when there was a Republican in the White House and government spending had been increasing a lot over the past five years). But now that the Democrats are in the White House, they are the ones saying its in our best interest to spend money, whereas the Republicans are now again the deficit hawks. Fickle politicians!

White House Burning: Our National Debt and Why It Matters to You by Simon Johnson and James Kwak

This book was great. In the first few chapters the authors take you on a voyage through the history of the United States and its relationship with national debt. Topics discussed range from Alexander Hamilton’s view on the economy, the financial failure of the 1812 war, the Great Depression, and (my favorite part) the Bretton Woods agreement. This is followed by a couple of chapters which discuss the factors behind today’s deficits and what it may mean for the future. The final couple of chapters are the authors’ ideas as to how we should responsibly reduce our deficits and debt.

The authors’ approach is practically beyond reproach. I mean, they do have their own views (obviously!) which do come across in the book. For instance, they are advocates for social insurance programs (e.g. Social Security and Medicare), yet they explain “why” in a good manner; instead of arguing that those who oppose such programs lack compassion and are selfish (or whatever), they explain (in a Keynesianesque manner) that it is economically rational to fund these programs by pooling the risk across the whole country. Another example is seen in how they repudiate the notion that cutting taxes is a panacea that invariably promotes economic growth, but they do so without resorting to the “Republicans are idiots” slant that you find with some Democrat commentators. No cheap shots here. Apart from the classy discussion of a very contentious political issue, another superb feature of this book are the footnotes! There are hundreds and hundreds of footnotes providing factual and substantive resources to back up their claims.

This is a great quote from the authors:

In one of history’s ironies, the economy was blown up not by the government debt that politicians had inveighed against for decades, but by private sector debt that banks had been manufacturing as fast as they could–and it was the federal government that had to pick up the pieces.

Education as Liberation

On this Facebook page, theologian Miroslav Volf has been outlining a series of twenty points he uses to guide his political decisions. The twenty issues he discusses are:

0. Christ as the Measure of all Values
1. Freedom of Religion (and Irreligion)
2. Education
3. Economic Growth
4. Work and Employment
5. Debt
6. The Poor
7. The Elderly
8. Unborn
9. Healthcare
10. Care for Creation
11. Death Penalty
12. Criminal Offenders
13. World Hunger
14. Equality of Nations
15. War
16. Torture
17. Honoring Everyone
18. Public Role of Religion
19. Truthfulness
20. Character

One of these points that I think gets left out often when discussing politics from a theological perspective is education. Education as liberation is a powerful idea that holds a lot of potential for societal progress and effective political reform, though it seemingly is a subject that has largely been given up on in this country due to the fiscal cliffs that politicians are driving us toward.

A good book to read on the idea of education as liberation is Pedagogy of the Oppressed by Paulo Freire. In it he identifies the ways traditional pedagogy (the “banking” system of education as he calls it) only serves to reinforce the status quo and amplify the gulf between the upper and lower classes; the banking system of education merely deposits knowledge in lieu of teaching critical thinking. He says:

Education either functions as an instrument which is used to facilitate integration of the younger generation into the logic of the present system and bring about conformity or it becomes the practice of freedom, the means by which men and women deal critically and creatively  with reality and discover how to participate in the transformation of their world.

The competition for prestige, success, and power is the underlying rubric of today’s society, and since schools merely reflect the values of society, change is needed by using education to promote values like mutualism and cooperation instead. This may seem a tad bit naive and idealistic given the current state of the education system today and its culture of high-stakes testing, thus making it difficult to envisage such a drastic shift in paradigm ever actually transpiring, but to disregard Freire’s insights because of its impracticality is also quite tragic.

Friere also makes some quite naive remarks concerning communism, Mao, Castro, and Lenin, though he is no apologist for such movements. In fact, despite Freire’s unenthusiastic view on capitalism, this book actually ended up being banned in communist countries, which I think was due to the author’s critical view of the commies and their top-down pedagogy (i.e. brainwashing). Irrespective of all this, none of the author’s naivety detracts from his key thesis of how education can aid in human liberation from oppression.

Musings on Politics and the Religious Right

When I came to the United States, I was 21 years old and had never had an interest in politics before (which I attribute to my wonderful parents never discussing it at all). This changed when I arrived in the US and my sheltered mind was exposed to the 2008 elections. The intensity of this election season was like nothing I had never witnessed before in New Zealand. Due to the conservative Christian evangelicalism I adhered to at that time, I naturally gravitated towards the Republican Party and even wondered how Christians who voted Democrat reconciled their faith to their political stance. Needless to say, I had a pretty naive view of the world, politics, and religion.

Over the past four years, however, as I’ve read up on political theory, economic theory, theology, philosophy, and other things, I gradually shifted from the right-side of the spectrum to the left-side. But then seeing that the Democrat Party was just as useless and partisan as the Republican Party, I have come to settle on an independent status, with proclivities towards the left, though ultimately I enjoy a smorgasbord approach to the two parties. Though it is a challenge to have to navigate through all the trite sophistry and sophomoric apologetic tripe you hear from the political pundits and party cheerleaders. Thankfully, though, there are some good non-partisan resources out there (e.g. the CBO) and some relatively unbiased news sources (e.g. The Hill, Al Jazeera English, The Economist, and the Christian Science Monitor – don’t let the wacky name fool you, it’s actually quite good). Though most people I have talked to concerning politics, whether they be Democrat or Republican, seem to have an all-or-nothing attitude towards a party, toeing the party line on every single issue.

Here are three obvious, yet disheartening, truths I have learned about politics over the past few years:

  1. Politicians just stick to the zeitgeist of their party so as to get (re)elected.
  2. Cognitive inertia and confirmation bias are a potent combination in voters.
  3. The cross of Christ is often confused with the cross of Constantine (“in this sign you will conquer/win”).

The first point is why I have a general dislike for all politicians. They all seem like duplicitous hacks who will say absolutely anything to court a bloc of voters. The second point touches upon a fundamental fallacy in human thinking – we have an innate desire for self-corroboration. We would rather discuss our own views with other like-minded people and have a good circle-jerk about it, than have an open-minded, and maybe even intellectual, discussion with those holding different opinions. The third point touches upon my main beef with the Republican Party, which is that the (anti-intellectual, authoritarian, nationalistic, and militaristic) Religious Right has too much influence over the platform of the GOP. Apparently, the white, middle-class, and thoroughly capitalistic, American Jesus has come to save his Chosen Nation from the gays, socialized medicine, and Islam!

But, ultimately, the most important thing I learned about political discourse in this country comes from everyone’s favorite political talking head, Papa Bear Bill O’Reilly, who during his recent debate with Jon Stewart said the following (which, ironically, describes his own career):

The problem with the discourse situation in America is Capitalism. You can make a lot of money by being an assassin. A lot of money… It doesn’t matter if you are left wing or right wing. You go in and you’re a hater – radio, cable, in-print, whatever, you get paid. And there is a people who do that… and they go in and they don’t believe half the stuff they say and they just rip it up and they get paid a lot of money. … And capitalism drives that. There are people, Americans, who wanna hear hate, and they hear it. And, that has just blown it all up.

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